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Design of a Self-Care Educational Program for Post–Cardiac Surgery Patients Based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)
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Alireza Moradi   , Feryal Khamseh , Hosein Mahmoudi , Ali Moradi |
| Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences |
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Abstract: (990 Views) |
Background:
Patients undergoing open-heart surgery often face a wide range of physical, psychological, and social challenges that can adversely affect recovery and quality of life. Insufficient self-care and poor adherence to healthy behaviors after discharge remain major barriers to optimal outcomes. Theory-based frameworks, particularly the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), can help bridge the intention–behavior gap and strengthen self-regulation, thereby improving recovery and quality of life.
Methods:
This descriptive–developmental study aimed to design a structured self-care educational package for post–cardiac surgery patients based on the HAPA model. The development process included seven steps: needs assessment through a systematic review of the literature (2015–2025) and stakeholder consultations; defining educational objectives at knowledge and skill levels; developing educational content according to motivational and volitional constructs of HAPA; selecting appropriate delivery methods (face-to-face sessions, workshops, podcasts, and a comprehensive booklet); designing an evaluation framework; validating the content and structure with a multidisciplinary panel of cardiac surgery, nursing, anesthesia, and psychology experts; and formulating an implementation plan for both patients and their caregivers.
Results:
The developed package provided an integrated approach to enhance self-efficacy, action planning, and coping strategies. The use of multimedia resources combined with expert validation ensured high clinical applicability, adaptability to patient needs, and feasibility in real-world settings.
Conclusions:
A self-care educational package designed using the HAPA model offers a promising framework to improve self-management, reduce postoperative complications, and enhance the quality of life among cardiac surgery patients. Future interventional studies are recommended to evaluate its behavioral, psychological, and clinical impacts |
Article number: 03 |
| Keywords: Open-heart surgery, self-care, Health Action Process Approach, patient education, quality of life. |
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Full-Text [PDF 203 kb]
(402 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/11/14 | Accepted: 2025/12/21 | Published: 2026/05/31
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