Introduction: Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is considered a threat to public health. Diagnostic methods are smear , culture , and PCR. Diagnostic sensitivity of the smear method in previous studies is 33%. Following the outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in one of the military units affiliated hospital, Ilam Province during the mission (Mehran), in the fall and winter 93, a cross-sectional study on 80 patients were described. This study was conducted in the Ordibehesht 94 to determine the amount of smear positivity rate in 80 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis addmited in regional hospital of Kermanshah. Method: In this study of 80 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis regional hospital in Kermanshah, in the course of an epidemy, smear sample volume of waste produced and patient information such as age, length of stay in the endemic region, distance between presence in endemic area and lesion to cause appear,presence or absence of associated symptoms, in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded for check list. The data obtained from patients with spss software analysis the relationship between the amount of positive smear Also with the above-mentioned factors was assessed by test of Pearson.
Results: Smear lesions in 81.25% of patients remained positive and negative in 18.75% of patients positivity rate of skin lesion is more in compare with similar studies (33%). Conclusion: Statistical test results showed more positivity rate of smear (81.25%) and no relationship between the amount of smear positivity rate and the length of presence in the region. Also,there is no relationship between the presence or absence of symptoms, such as pain, itching and burning, with the result of skin smear.